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The buuilding blocks of whole electronics

 Here’s a clear list of basic electronic components, along with their symbols (in text form) and main purposes:


๐Ÿ”Œ BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Component Symbol Purpose
1. Resistor ▭ or R Limits or controls current flow; drops voltage
2. Capacitor ‖ or C Stores electrical energy; used in filtering, timing, and smoothing signals
3. Inductor ⎍ or L Stores energy in a magnetic field; resists sudden current changes
4. Diode →
5. Light Emitting Diode (LED) → >
6. Transistor (NPN/PNP) ⎍ or Q Amplifies signals or acts as a switch; heart of digital circuits
7. Switch ━/ ━ Manually opens or closes a circuit
8. Battery +‖− Provides a fixed DC voltage source
9. Fuse ~ ~
10. Transformer ส˜—ส˜ Transfers energy between circuits; used for voltage step-up/down
11. Relay Coil+Switch Electrically controlled switch; used for isolation and control
12. Potentiometer (Variable Resistor) ↔▭ Adjusts resistance; used to control volume, brightness, etc.
13. Crystal Oscillator ┤ ├
14. Integrated Circuit (IC) ▭▭ A whole circuit on a chip; contains many transistors, etc.
15. Photodiode/Phototransistor → ● or →Q

๐Ÿง  Summary Analogy:

  • Resistor = Brake

  • Capacitor = Bucket for charge

  • Inductor = Magnetic spring

  • Diode = One-way gate

  • Transistor = Electric gatekeeper or amplifier

  • IC = Tiny brain

  • Battery = Power source