⚙️ What is an Induction Motor?
An induction motor is an AC (alternating current) electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor is induced (not supplied directly) by the magnetic field created in the stator.
It is the most widely used electric motor in the world — found in fans, pumps, refrigerators, washing machines, lifts, and factories.
⚡ How It Works – Simple Explanation
-
AC power is supplied to the stator (outer coils).
-
This creates a rotating magnetic field.
-
The rotor (inner part) is not connected to power.
-
Due to electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law), current is induced in the rotor.
-
This induced current creates its own magnetic field, which interacts with the stator’s field.
-
The rotor starts spinning — hence the name "induction" motor.
🧱 Main Parts
| Part | Description |
|---|---|
| Stator | Stationary outer part with copper windings |
| Rotor | Rotating inner part (usually a squirrel cage type) |
| Fan | Cools the motor during operation |
| Shaft | Transmits mechanical rotation |
⚙️ Types of Induction Motors
-
Single-phase induction motor
-
Used in fans, washing machines, mixers
-
-
Three-phase induction motor
-
Used in industries, factories, elevators
-
✅ Advantages
-
Simple and rugged design
-
Low maintenance (no brushes)
-
Cost-effective
-
Reliable and durable
❌ Limitations
-
Consumes more power than BLDC motors
-
Less efficient at low speeds
-
Speed control is less precise
📚 Real-Life Analogy:
Imagine the stator is a rotating magnet and the rotor is a metal wheel near it. The magnetic field makes the metal wheel start spinning — even without touching it or wiring it. That’s induction!