DO NOT WORRY, YOUR PASSWORDS ARE NOT STORED

A technique called 'hashing' is used here. Let us see what it is ?
Below, I have given four passwords -deliberately simple.

1. 7168
2. 1234
3. 5555
4. 7613

Since there are a total of four passwords. Divide each passwords by 4.

1. 7168/4 =1792; reminder 0
2. 1234/4 =308 ; reminder 2
3. 5555/4 = 1388; reminder 3
4. 7613/4 =1903; reminder 1

The reminders are the keys or fingerprint or message digest.
The websites only stores these keys. The 'hashing' procedure may be kept secret. The keys are normally of same length-like one digit.
When you type your password, the password is converted into the key using 'hashing'. The generated 'key' and the stored key in the website are compared. If they match exactly, you are allowed entry. If a site follows a good hashing algorithm, your passwords need not be saved.

(Note: We may get same key for two or more passwords called collision. A good algorithm avoids collisions).

In practice, mathematically complicated hashing algorthms are used. They are called MD5 and SHA(secured hashing algorithm). One cannot reverse engineer the 'hashing'. That is, you cannot find message (passwords) from message digest, that is the main strength of 'hashing'

There is another use for hash keys. You can use them as index to store data in a data base.

In our example; the data 7168 can be stored in the location '0'[ key]; 7613 can be stored in the location '1' and so on. Now the data can be easily searched and retrieved fast.

Digital signatures are also verified in this way. There are websites which yield message digest for your messages using MD5 or SHA.
-------------------------------------------------

Comments

Your heart -you do not know

Size and Location: The human heart is roughly the size of a clenched fist and is located slightly to the left of the center of the chest. Despite its relatively small size, the heart plays a crucial role in pumping blood throughout the entire body. Heartbeat Variability: The heart does not beat at a constant rate. The interval between heartbeats can vary, and this variability is considered a sign of a healthy heart. Factors such as breathing, emotions, and physical activity influence the heartbeat. Electrical Conduction: The heart's contractions are controlled by electrical impulses. The sinoatrial (SA) node, often called the "natural pacemaker," generates electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat and coordinate the pumping of blood. Blood Pumping Capacity: On average, the human heart pumps about 2,000 gallons (or 7,570 liters) of blood each day. Over a lifetime, this amounts to pumping enough blood to fill several Olympic-sized swimming pools. Heart Chambers and V...

THE WORK HORSE "="

One cannot think of a mathematical step without 'is equal to ' . It balances right hand side and left hand side. It aids simplification and manipulation of a mathematical expression. example: 2(A+B) = C 2A+2B = C 2A = C-2B A = C-2B/ 2 In an electronic calculator, the pressing of ' = " sign executes an asthmatic expression or simply calculates. In computer languages, it plays very important role. A = B When a computer looks at this expression, the value stored in the location named B is just transferred to the storage named A . After execution both A and B will have the same value an...

How does your smart phone detect motion, steps, rotation, and location?

How it works-1 An accelerometer in a smartphone is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device that measures acceleration and tilt. It works by detecting changes in motion by measuring the vibration or acceleration of the device. The accelerometer consists of a small mass suspended on a spring inside a sealed chamber. When the device is subjected to acceleration, the mass moves relative to the device, causing a change in capacitance that can be measured and processed by the smartphone's hardware. The accelerometer measures acceleration in three dimensions (x, y, and z) and provides data that the smartphone's software can use to determine the device's orientation, detect motion, and track changes in velocity and acceleration. The accelerometer is used for a variety of purposes in a smartphone, including screen rotation, motion tracking for games and fitness apps, and detecting the position of the device for navigation and location services. Additionally, it can be used t...

sciencecapsules

Search This Blog