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REDUNDANCY

 

     Look at the mirror.  If you do not like what you see, break it (take it lightly).  Again, in  each piece, your face appears.  Again break them all.  In all the pieces, your face appears and smile at you.  This is the way nature works.
  
     Look at a tree.  Every branch is the replica of the tree.  And every sub-branch also.  You can see the pattern of tree in each leaf.  There is redundant information.  Nature uses redundancy to protect life forms.  DNA is present in each cell of life forms.  That is why, plants,can be grown not only from seeds but also from stems, roots and even leaves.

      Hologram that is found in all the Id cards, credit cards etc. yields 3D picture.  "Optical interference pattern" is recorded in the hologram.  If you cut the hologram into pieces, one can get same 3D picture from each piece but smaller ones.  It is now suspected that our brain also stores information in the holographic way.

     Now have a look at the famous fractals like Julia set and Mandelbrot set.  Zoom into the fractals; you will see same pattern repeated again and again like a tree.  The mountains, clouds, rivers are also self-similar fractals.

     Man has also emulated Redundancy.  The internet is open 24*7.  Because all the computers, smart phones and other devices  are connected to this network.  Even if half of the devices in the world is switched off, the internet will still function.  Similarly, all the power generating stations in a region or a country are connected to a network called grid.  Everyone draws electrical power from the grid.  If some power stations fail, we will still get electricity from the grid.  Here, Redundancy is at work.  If rivers are connected as network, we may get continuous water supply.  

     In DVD, redundant and error correcting information is stored.  So even a big scratch will not disturb the information in it.  Redundant info. is sent by space probes to the earth.  If the info. is corrupted during the travel, it can be restored.  
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