NATURE'S INGENIOUS STRUCTURE

We all know DNA stores bio-info. using which a life constructs itself. The structure of DNA in unique and utilitarian. It has the shape of twisted long going staircase and the information is coded in the rungs. This spiral ladder is also called double helix structure.

Here the sides or strands are made up of phosphate and sugar molecules.The rungs or the bases are made up of (nitrogen based molecules ) adenine-thymine pair and guanine -cytosine pair which carries info. DNA has around 3 billion bases. Hence it is very long. It made into super coil called chromosomes and stored in cell's nuclei compactly. Human's have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

DNA reminds us the old cassette tapes. Audio and video are written on the tape in magnetic form, the tape is coiled and enclosed in a glass pool.

Let us see the advantages of the double helix.

1. The twisted ladder shape helps to make the super coil which compactly fit in the nucleus of the cell.
2. The two long strands protect the base pairs.
3. A pair of strands and the bases in pairs means information in duplicate. If error creeps in, it can be corrected.

4. DNA must be unzipped in the middle, than the info. is read and copies are made.

99% of the DNA info. is same in all the human beings.

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THE EARTH, A SUPER ORGANISM

JOIN MY COURSE: "Become a programmer in a day with python" A man called 'love lock' (what a name) proposed a theory called Gaia theory, named after Greek Goddess. It says, "Earth is a self-regulating organism like a human being. The organic life in it interacts with in-organic matter and maintains atmosphere, temperature and environment". Hence the earth is still suitable for the life to thrive. Imagine, in a particular place, there are lot of flowers. Some flowers are white and some are darkly coloured. We know, white reflects light and heat while dark absorbs the same. White flowers can thrive in hot climate. But dark flowers requires cold climate. The absorption and reflection balances and the environment reaches average, warm temperature at which both the flowers can co-exist. This is the essence of "Gaia" theory. On our earth, the oxygen constitute 20% of the atmosphere. The oxygen level is always mai

THE PARABOLA

A jet of water shooting from a hose pipe will follow a parabolic path. What is the so special about parabola. Y= x^2 Draw a graph for the above equation. It will result in a parabola. This parabola is also called unit parabola. Any equation involving square will yield a parabola. Example: Y = 2x^2 +3x+3 (also called quadratic equation) X= 2 and -2, both satisfies the equation 4 = X^2. Parabolic equations always have two solutions. Any motion taking place freely under gravity follows parabolic path. Examples: An object dropped from a moving train, A bomb dropped from flying plane, A ball kicked upwards. If a beam of light rays fall on the parabolic shaped mirror, they will be reflected and brought to focus on a point. This fact is made use of in Dish Antenna, Telescope mirrors, etc. Inverted parabola shape is used in the construction of buildings and bridges. Because the shape is able to bear more weight. A plane

DISORDER IS THE "ORDER OF THE DAY"

Imagine a balloon full of air. The air molecules are moving randomly inside the balloon. Let us pierce the balloon with a pin. The air rushes out. Why should not the air molecules stay inside the balloon safely and ignore the little hole? That is not the way the world works. The molecules always "want to occupy as many states as possible". Hence the air goes out in the open to occupy more volume. The things always goes into disorder (entropy) and the disorder increases with time. The above statement is what we call "second law of thermodynamics". Consider a cup of coffee on the table. Suppose the heat from entire room flows to your cup of coffee, the coffee will boil and the rest of the room will freeze. Freezing means bringing things to order and arrangement. It violates the second law. Hence it will never happen. Hence heat must flow from high temperature to low temperature and not the other way. The air molecules in y

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