ABUNDANT ELECTRICITY

Water flows from mountain top to valley down. All fluids flow from high pressure to low pressure. Heat flows from high temperature to low temperature. Similarly, the electrons flow from surplus point to starving point. In chemical reactions of a battery, there are more electrons at negative electrode and there is lack of electrons at positive electrode. Then the electrons try to flow from negative to positive electrode. When we connect negative and positive point by a wire, the current (electrons) flow from high electric potential to low electric potential. (Note: Electrons flow from negative to positive end and the conventional current is taken to flow from positive to negative).
Resistance: We know the current flows through the metal wire. The atoms in the metal are never at rest. They vibrate due to temperature. The electrons that move through these vibrating atoms get hits. So the metal atoms offer “resistance” to the current.

So the ohm’s law says,

"Electric current = potential difference between ends/ resistance".It means the electric current increases as the voltage (potential difference) increases. But it decreases as the resistance increases.

If we cool down the conductor (wire), the atomic vibrations slow down. At a particular temperature the atoms may comes to stand still. Then the electrons can fly through the wire without hindrance. Now the resistance of the conductor is almost zero. This conductor is called superconductor. Now, what are the consequences?

Current = Voltage/ resistance = V/0= infinity.

That means, once the current is setup in the superconductor it will go on for a very long time. There will be no loss of energy. In ordinary conductor, the electrons collide with atoms and loss energy in the form of heat and sound. Superconductor is now possible at very low temperature. But, still elusive at normal temperature. Once we have superconductor in room temperature, the electrical energy can be distributed without much loss, appliances can work with less waste. We can make super magnet which can levitate a train and move us fast and many more.

May the research in superconductivity be successful.

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